Total protein

This is the harmonised UK adult range; it is lower in pregnancy and slightly lower in older age.

Total protein is the sum of all the proteins dissolved in the blood, mainly albumin and the group known as globulins, which includes antibodies. The test measures the overall concentration in a blood sample; the lab then subtracts albumin to give the globulin figure.

It is part of most liver panels and bone profiles. Doctors use it, together with albumin and globulin, as a general measure of nutrition, liver function and the immune system, and as a first step when looking into unusual blood proteins.

• Dehydration
• Long-term infections or inflammation, which raise antibodies
• Some blood conditions where one protein is made in excess
• Long-standing liver disease with high globulins
• A tourniquet left on too long, by a small amount

• Any short-term illness, through a fall in albumin
• Poor nutrition or gut conditions that reduce absorption
• Kidney conditions where protein leaks into the urine
• Liver disease with reduced protein production
• Pregnancy and over-hydration

• Hydration on the day moves it in both directions
• Posture: lying down lowers it by a few g/L
• It is the sum of two things that can move in opposite directions and cancel out

No fasting needed. Read alongside albumin and globulin from the same sample.

Written by a UK consultant physician. Typical UK adult reference ranges; your laboratory's own printed range takes precedence.